FWL Theorem

The FWL Theorem: Making Multivariate Regressions Intuitive

What does it really mean to control for another factor in a regression? This Python tutorial uses a simulated fast food coupon campaign to show that any such result can be rebuilt by first removing what the other factors explain and then plotting what is left in a simple two-variable chart. It comes with an interactive app that runs in your web browser.

Visualizing Regression with the FWL Theorem in R

What does it really mean to control for a variable in a regression? We use a classic result from statistics to turn that idea into simple scatter plots, first with simulated data and then with real data that follows the same people over time. This R tutorial comes with an interactive app that runs in your web browser.

Visualizing Regression with the FWL Theorem in Stata

What does it really mean to control for a variable in a regression? In Stata, we turn that idea into a picture: we strip out the influence of other factors and plot what is left, using examples on store sales, airline flights and worker wages. It comes with an interactive app that runs in your web browser.