Across ASEAN regions, almost 60 percent of the differences in GDP per capita can be predicted by a luminosity-based measure of GDP. Based on this measure, regional inequality within most countries has not significantly decreased, spatial dependence is increasing, and spatial clusters (hotspots and coldspots) cross multiple national boundaries.
This paper studies regional convergence and spatial dependence of homicides and personal injuries in Colombia. In particular, through the lens of both classical and distributional convergence frameworks, two spatial scales are contrasted: municipalities and states.
Except for aggregate efficiency, we reject the hypothesis that all provinces would eventually converge to a common steady-state path in terms of labor productivity, physical capital, and human capital. Low efficiency is still a problem for Indonesia
Relative to the US, labor productivity of the median country has been mostly stagnant, while cross-country disparities have drastically increased. By including the commonly unaccounted covariance between capital and aggregate efficiency into the analysis, disparities in aggregate efficiency explain most of the disparities in labor productivity across countries
Results from the distributional convergence approach indicate the existence of two local convergence clusters within the overall and pure efficiency distributions.
The paper incorporates some recent developments from the unsupervised machine learning literature to re-evaluate the cross-country convergence hypothesis in a context beyond GDP. The application of a distribution-based clustering algorithm suggests the formation of three local convergence clubs.
The paper evaluates the input--output structure of Japan through the lens of a community-detection algorithm from network theory. Results suggest the existence of two input--output network structures: a stationary community and a transitional community. Also, industrial divergence and instability in community membership are not necessarily indicative of low productivity performance
While the LP framework shows relatively less mobility, two convergence clusters in the transition stage, and a bumpy distribution in the long run; the ACF framework shows relatively more backward mobility, a unique convergence cluster in the transition, and a highly symmetric distribution in the long run.
The formation of multiple clusters of convergence is a salient feature of inequality reduction in human development. In the long run, regional convergence is characterized by the transformation of a trimodal distribution into a left-skewed unimodal distribution.
An increasing tendency toward convergence that is driven by both slower forward mobility of the less developed regions and faster backward mobility of the more developed regions.