physical capital

Convergence Clubs in Labor Productivity and its Proximate Sources: Evidence from Developed and Developing Countries

This book introduces a modern framework to study the cross-country convergence dynamics of labor productivity and its proximate sources: capital accumulation and aggregate efficiency.

Disparities in Regional Productivity, Capital Accumulation, and Efficiency across Indonesia: A Club Convergence Approach

Except for aggregate efficiency, we reject the hypothesis that all provinces would eventually converge to a common steady-state path in terms of labor productivity, physical capital, and human capital. Low efficiency is still a problem for Indonesia